A

Function

Toggle the state of the assertion mode.

To activate or suspend assertion mode, select the Breakpoints | Assertions... menu item, and enable or disable the Assertion Mode Active check box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Activate (A a) or suspend (A s) overall state of the assertion mechanism. If no operand is given, toggle the state.

Example

To activate the assertion mechanism, type:

To suspend the assertion mechanism, type:

To toggle the state of the assertion mechanism, simply type:

a

a

Function

Define or modify an assertion.

Select the Breakpoints | Assertions... menu item to view the Assertions dialog box. Click the New... button to define an assertion. Select an assertion and click the Edit... button to modify an assertion.

The command line syntax is:

Description

The a command is used to invoke two different commands. The syntax for each command is distinct. The first version allows modification of the state of the assertion specified by the expression exp. (The assertion can be activated (a a), deleted (a d) or suspended (a s).) The second version creates a new assertion with the given command list cmds. Using the mouse, you can create a new assertion or toggle the state of an existing one from the Assertions dialogue box.

Suspended assertions continue to exist, but are not active. Deleted assertions must be explicitly redefined in order to be made active again.

The commands for every active assertion are executed after every source statement is executed. The x command in an assertion command list forces an exit from assertion mode.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To suspend assertion 3, type:

To delete assertion 1, type:

To set an assertion to stop the program when global variable myvar exceeds 3, type:

A , l , x

B

Function

List all of the currently defined breakpoints.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints.. menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Breakpoints are listed with numbers associated with them. These numbers can be used to delete individual breakpoints.

break , b , bb , bB , bi , bI , bu , bU , R , C , D , l

b

Function

Set a code breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Code Breakpoint... to open the Add Code Breakpoint dialog. Enter the name of the source module or click the Break At... button to select a source module and enter a line number.

Alternatively, you can set a code breakpoint directly in the source by clicking on a green breakpoint toggle next to the source line.

The command line syntax is:

Description

You can attach a list of CrossView Pro commands with the breakpoint. If no line is given, set the breakpoint at the current viewing position.

When the breakpoint is hit execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next, any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the b command.

Example

To set a breakpoint at the current line, type:

To set a breakpoint at line 10 that will list all global variables and halt execution, type:

break , bd , bD , bdis , bena , bb , bB , bi , bI , bt , bti , btI , bu , bU , Q

bB

Function

Set a temporary breakpoint at the beginning of a function.

In the Stack Window, click on the desired function and select the Breakpoints | Stack Breakpoint | At Function Entry menu item.

The command line syntax is:

Description

The function is designated by the stack level stack. If no function is specified, CrossView Pro uses the current function (stack level 0), and associates the list of CrossView Pro commands cmds with the breakpoint.

Breakpoints set in the Stack Window are always temporary, meaning they will be deleted after the first time you reach them. A breakpoint set in this manner will not be visible in the Source Window.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted; the breakpoint is then removed. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next, any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bB command.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To set a temporary breakpoint at the beginning of the current function which prints a stack trace, type:

To set a temporary breakpoint at the beginning of the function whose stack number is 2, type:

break , b , bb , bd , bD , bi , bI , bt , bti , btI , bu , bU , Q

bb

Function

Set a permanent breakpoint at the beginning of a function.

In the Stack Window, click on the desired function and select the Breakpoints | Stack Breakpoint | At Function Entry menu item. To make the stack breakpoint permanent, select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item, select the desired breakpoint and click on the Edit... button. The Edit Code Breakpoint dialog appears. Click on the Advanced>> button and disable the Remove when hit check box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a breakpoint at the beginning of the function designated by the stack level stack. Otherwise, use the current function (stack level 0), and associate the list of CrossView Pro commands cmds with the breakpoint.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next, any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bb command.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To set a breakpoint at the beginning of the current function, which prints a stack trace, type:

To set a breakpoint at the beginning of a function whose stack number is 2, type:

break , b , bB , bd , bD , bi , bI , bt , bti , btI , bu , bU , Q

bc

Function

Set a breakpoint's count and reset count.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoint... menu item, select the breakpoint for which you want to set the count and reset count and click on the Edit... button. The Edit Code Breakpoint dialog appears. Click on the Advanced button and enter a breakpoint count.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set the count and reset_count for the breakpoint with breakpoint number number. When no arguments are given, the breakpoint at the current viewing position is set to a count of 1 and a reset count of 1. If no breakpoint is present at the current viewing position, the message "No such breakpoint" appears.

Each time a breakpoint is hit, CrossView Pro decrements the count. When the count reaches 0, execution is halted and the count is reset to the reset_count.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To set a breakpoint's count and reset count to 1 for the breakpoint at the current viewing position, type:

To set the count to 3 and the reset count to 4 for the breakpoint whose breakpoint number is 2, type:

break , C

bCYC

Function

Set a temporary cycle count breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Cycle Breakpoint... to open the Add Cycle Breakpoint dialog. Click the Advanced button and enable the Remove when hit check box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a temporary breakpoint after the specified cycle count. count can be any expression evaluating to a number. The list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted; the breakpoint is then removed. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bCYC command.

Example

To set a temporary breakpoint after 4 clock cycles and list all global variables, type:

break , b , bcyc , bINST , binst , bTIM , btim , D

bcyc

Function

Set a permanent cycle count breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Cycle Breakpoint... to open the Add Cycle Breakpoint dialog. Enter a cycle count and click the OK button.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a permanent breakpoint after the specified cycle count. count can be any expression evaluating to a number. The list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bcyc command.

Example

To set a cycle count breakpoint after 4 clock cycles and list all global variables, type:

break , b , bCYC , bINST , binst , bTIM , btim , D

bD

Function

Set a read and/or write data breakpoint over a range of addresses.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Data Breakpoint... to open the Add Data Breakpoint dialog. Enter an address or click the Address... button to select a symbol to use as the address. Click the Advanced button. Enter an address in the End adress field or click the Browse... button to select a symbol to use as the end address. Click the OK button to add the data breakpoint.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a read, write, or both (read and write) data breakpoint in the address range exp1 to exp2 and associate the list of CrossView Pro commands cmds with the breakpoint.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next, any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bD command.

If exp1 is the address of a local (stack) variable, the function in which it was declared must be currently active on the stack. If the local variable corresponding to a data breakpoint goes out of scope due to a return from the function in which it is currently active, the data breakpoint will be removed and a message will be printed telling the user that the variable is no longer active.

Not available for all execution environments.

Example

To set a data breakpoint that includes the entire structure rec1, type:

This breakpoint will be hit only if any address in the range of addresses is read from.

To set a data breakpoint for the address range 10 to 10f hex (256 bytes) that will list all global variables, type:

This breakpoint will be hit if any memory locations within the range 10-10f hex are either read from or written to.

break , b , bb , bB , bd , bi , bI , bt , bti , btI , bu , bU , Q

bd

Function

Set a read and/or write data breakpoint at an address.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Data Breakpoint... to open the Add Data Breakpoint dialog. Enter an address or click the Address... button to select a symbol to use as the address. Click the OK button to add the data breakpoint.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a read, write or both (read and write) data breakpoint at the address specified by exp and associate the list of CrossView Pro commands cmds with the breakpoint.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bd command.

If exp corresponds to a local (stack) variable, the function in which it was declared must be currently active on the stack. If the local variable corresponding to a data breakpoint goes out of scope due to a return from the function in which it is currently active, the data breakpoint will be removed and a message will be printed telling you that the variable is no longer active.

Not available for all execution environments.

Example

To set a breakpoint at the variable count which will all be hit only if the variable is read from memory, type:

Note that the breakpoint only acts on the lowest byte in memory of this variable.

To set a breakpoint at address 10 hex that will list all global variables, type:

This breakpoint will be hit if address 10 hex is either read from or written to.

break , b , bb , bB , bD , bi , bI , bt , bti , btI , bu , bU , Q

bdis

Function

Disable code breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoint... menu item. On Windows toggle the check box in front of the breakpoint to enable or disable the breakpoint. On UNIX select the breakpoint and click the Enable or Disable button

The command line syntax is:

Description

Disable the code breakpoint associated with the given number.

This does not delete the code breakpoint. It disables the code breakpoint until you enable it again with the bena command.

This command does not work on data breakpoints, only on code breakpoints

Example

To disable code breakpoint number 3, type:

break , b , bena , D

bena

Function

Enable code breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoint... menu item. On Windows toggle the check box in front of the breakpoint to enable or disable the breakpoint. On UNIX select the breakpoint and click the Enable or Disable button

The command line syntax is:

Description

Enable the code breakpoint associated with the given numbe., which was previously disabled by the bdis command.

This command does not work on data breakpoints, only on code breakpoints

Example

To enable code breakpoint number 3, type:

break , b , bdis , D

bI

Function

Set a temporary low-level breakpoint at a machine instruction.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Code Breakpoint... to open the Add Code Breakpoint dialog. Edit the Break At... field. In the Advanced dialog enable the Remove when hit check box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a temporary breakpoint at the machine instruction at address addr, or the current viewing position's address if addr is not specified; the list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit.

Make sure that addr is the start address of a machine instruction, otherwise the results are unpredictable. When the breakpoint is hit execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bI command.

Example

To set a temporary breakpoint at the current viewing position's address, type:

To set a temporary breakpoint at address 100 that will print the addresses of the next five source statements, type:

break , b , bb , bB , bd , bD , bi , bt , bti , btI , bu , bU , Q

bi

Function

Set a permanent low-level breakpoint at a machine instruction.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Code Breakpoint... to open the Add Code Breakpoint dialog. Edit the Break At... field. In the Advanced dialog disable the Remove when hit check box.

Alternatively, you can place a breakpoint in the intermixed window or assembly window by double clicking on the desired instruction.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a permanent breakpoint at the machine instruction at address addr, or the current viewing position's address if addr is not specified; the list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit.

Make sure that addr is the start address of a machine instruction, otherwise the results are unpredictable. When the breakpoint is hit execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bi command.

Example

To set a breakpoint at the current viewing position's address, type:

To set a breakpoint at address 100 that will print the addresses of the next five source statements, type:

break , b , bb , bB , bd , bD , bI , bt , bti , btI , bu , bU , Q

bINST

Function

Set a temporary instruction count breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Instruction Breakpoint... to open the Add Instruction Breakpoint dialog. Type a value in the Instruction count field and enable the Remove when hit check box in the Advanced dialog.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a temporary breakpoint after the specified count number of machine instructions have been executed. count can be any expression evaluating to a number. The list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted; the breakpoint is then removed. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bINST command.

Example

To set a temporary breakpoint after execution of 5 instructions and list all global variables, type:

break , b , bCYC , bcyc , binst , bTIM , btim , D

binst

Function

Set a permanent instruction count breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Instruction Breakpoint... to open the Add Instruction Breakpoint dialog. Type a value in the Instruction count field and disable the Remove when hit check box in the Advanced dialog.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a permanent breakpoint after the specified count number of machine instructions have been executed. count can be any expression evaluating to a number. The list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the binst command.

Example

To set a permanent breakpoint after execution of 5 instructions and list all global variables, type:

break , b , bCYC , bcyc , bINST , bTIM , btim , D

break

Function

Universal breakpoint command.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to add/remove/enable/disable breakpoints.

The general command line syntax is:

Description

This is a universal breakpoint command.

type can be one of: code | data | instructions | cycles | time | sequence | set | delete | enable | disable. The type can be abbreviated. So, t|ti|tim|time are the same. When the type field is not specified the type defaults to code.

Depening on the type field the where field will evaluate to an address, count, name, breakpoint number or a sequence.

The available options are listed below.

Code breakpoints

Syntax:

address can be any expression evaluating to an address.

Data breakpoints

Syntax:

address can be any expression evaluating to an address.

Instruction count breakpoints

Syntax:

count can be any expression evaluating to the number of instructions.

Cycle count breakpoints

Syntax:

count can be any expression evaluating to the number of cycles.

Timer breakpoints

Syntax:

time can be any expression evaluating to a time value. Depending on the setting of the timer_unit option this value is in seconds or timer ticks (default is in seconds).

Sequence breakpoints

Syntax:

sequence is a combination of breakpoints.

Set/change breakpoint attributes

Syntax:

bp_number is the breakpoint number. If the breakpoint has a name (bp_name) you can use this name instead of a number.

Delete breakpoint attributes

Syntax:

bp_number is the breakpoint number. If the breakpoint has a name (bp_name) you can use this name instead of a number.

Enable/disable breakpoints

Syntax:

bp_number is the breakpoint number. If the breakpoint has a name (bp_name) you can use this name instead of a number.

Options

name=str

temporary[=bool]

enabled[=bool]

curr_count=expr

reset_count=expr

count=expr

access_type=r | w | rw

addr=expr

value=expr

method=hardware | software | none

probe_point[=bool]

size=expr

end_addr=expr

end_value=expr

value_is_absolute[=bool]

commands={ commands }

timer_unit=seconds | ticks

bool

expr

Example

To set a code breakpoint at an address range, type:

To set a code breakpoint at an address range by specifying a size, type:

To set a code breakpoint with a name, type:

To disable the breakpoint with name brk_1, type:

To set a cycle count breakpoint and treat the value as an absolute count, type:

Chapter 7 , Breakpoints.

bt

Function

Set a task aware code breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Code Breakpoint... to open the Code Breakpoint dialog. Fill in the Task ID field.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a task aware code breakpoint at the specified source line and associate the list of CrossView Pro commands cmds with the breakpoint. If no line is given, set the breakpoint at the current viewing position. The TaskId is the identification of the task as displayed in the Tasks Window or specified by the l k command.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next, any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bt command.

Example

To set a breakpoint for task 4 at the current viewing position, type:

To set a breakpoint for task 4 at line 10, which lists all global variables, type:

break , b , bb , bB , bd , bD , bi , bI , bti , btI , bu , bU , l , Q

btI

Function

Set a temporary low-level task aware breakpoint at a machine instruction.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Code Breakpoint... to open the Code Breakpoint dialog. Edit the Break At... field and fill in the Task ID field. In the Advanced dialog enable the Remove when hit check box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a temporary task aware breakpoint at the machine instruction at address addr, or the current viewing position's address if addr is not specified; the list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit. The TaskId is the identification of the task as displayed in the Tasks Window or specified by the l k command.

Make sure that addr is the start address of a machine instruction, otherwise the results are unpredictable. When the breakpoint is hit execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the btI command.

Example

To set a temporary breakpoint for task 4 at the current viewing position's address, type:

To set a temporary breakpoint for task 4 at address 0xF00 and print the message, type:

break , b , bb , bB , bd , bD , bi , bI , bt , bti , bu , bU , l , Q

bti

Function

Set a permanent low-level task aware breakpoint at a machine instruction.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Code Breakpoint... to open the Code Breakpoint dialog. Edit the Break At... field and fill in the Task ID field. In the Advanced dialog disable the Remove when hit check box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a permanent task aware breakpoint at the machine instruction at address addr, or the current viewing position's address if addr is not specified; the list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit. The TaskId is the identification of the task as displayed in the Tasks Window or specified by the l k command.

Make sure that addr is the start address of a machine instruction, otherwise the results are unpredictable. When the breakpoint is hit execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bti command.

Example

To set a breakpoint for task 4 at the current viewing position's address, type:

To set a breakpoint for task 4 at address 0xF00 and print the message, type:

break , b , bb , bB , bd , bD , bi , bI , bt , btI , bu , bU , l , Q

bTIM

Function

Set a temporary time breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Timer Breakpoint... to open the Add Timer Breakpoint dialog. Enter a value in the Time field and enable the Remove when hit check box in the Advanced dialog.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a temporary breakpoint after the specified time (in seconds). time can be any expression evaluating to a number. The list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted; the breakpoint is then removed. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bTIM command.

Example

To set a temporary breakpoint after 0.5 seconds and list all global variables, type:

break , b , bCYC , bcyc , bINST , binst , btim , D

btim

Function

Set a permanent time breakpoint.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click the Add > button and select Timer Breakpoint... to open the Add Timer Breakpoint dialog. Enter a value in the Time field and disable the Remove when hit check box in the Advanced dialog.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a permanent breakpoint after the specified time (in seconds). time can be any expression evaluating to a number. The list of CrossView Pro commands cmds are executed when the breakpoint is hit.

When the breakpoint is hit, execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the btim command.

Example

To set a permanent breakpoint after 0.5 seconds and list all global variables, type:

break , b , bCYC , bcyc , bINST , binst , bTIM , D

bU

Function

Set a temporary up-level breakpoint (to finish the function at a specific stack level).

In the Stack Window, double-click on the desired function. Alternately, you can click on the desired function in the Stack Window and select the Breakpoints | Stack Breakpoint | After Call to Function menu item.

The command line syntax is:

Description

This command sets a temporary up-level breakpoint immediately after the call to the function designated by the stack number stack, otherwise the currently viewed function is used. Associate the list of CrossView Pro commands commands with the breakpoint.

When the breakpoint is hit execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bU command.

Breakpoints set in the Stack Window are always temporary, meaning they will be deleted after the first time you reach them. A breakpoint set in this manner will not be visible in the Source Window.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To set a temporary up-level breakpoint immediately after the call to the currently viewed function, type:

To set a temporary up-level breakpoint immediately after the call to the function at stack level 2, type:

After stopping, this command will cause CrossView Pro to print out the function's local variables and arguments.

break , b , bb , bB , bd , bD , bi , bI , bt , bti , btI , bu , Q

bu

Function

Set a permanent up-level breakpoint (to finish the function at a specific stack level).

Click on the desired function in the Stack Window and select the Breakpoints | Stack Breakpoint | After Call to Function menu item. To make the stack breakpoint permanent, select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item, select the desired stack breakpoint and click on the Edit... button. The Edit Code Breakpoint dialog appears. Click on the Advanced>> button and disable the Remove when hit check box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set a permanent up-level breakpoint immediately after the call to the function designated by the stack number stack, otherwise the currently viewed function is used. Associate the list of CrossView Pro commands commands with the breakpoint.

When the breakpoint is hit execution is halted. By default the current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. Next any commands associated with the breakpoint are executed. The Q command can be used to suppress the output from the bu command.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To set a temporary up-level breakpoint immediately after the call to the currently viewed function, type:

To set an up-level breakpoint immediately after the call to the function at stack level 2 and, after stopping, print out the local variables and arguments of that function, type:

break , b , bb , bB , bd , bD , bi , bI , bt , bti , btI , bU , Q

bufa

Function

Append the contents of one buffer to another buffer.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Add the contents of buffer added_buffer_name to buffer target_buffer_name. If size_limit is specified, buffer target_buffer_name will be trimmed down to the specified size (keeping size_limit elements of the tail of the buffer).

Example

To append the contents of $buffer to buffer $all_data, and keep the last 1024 elements, type:

bufd , graph , memget .
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

bufd

Function

Free a used buffer.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Discard the specified buffer (if the target data is not to be used anymore).

Example

To discard buffer $buffer, type:

bufa , graph , memget .
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

C

Function

Continue using the current value of the program counter.

In the Source Window, click on the Run/Continue button. You can also select the Run | Run menu item.

The command line syntax is:

Description

If exp is specified and you are stopped at a breakpoint, then the breakpoint count is set to this value. If line is specified, a temporary breakpoint is set at that line number. Note that this temporary breakpoint will overwrite any existing breakpoint at that line.

The C command can be used in the command lists of breakpoints to resume execution automatically.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To continue execution from the current target program counter, type:

To set the breakpoint's count to 4 and continue, type:

To set a temporary breakpoint at line 52 and continue, type:

break , bc , g , R , CB

CB

Function

Continue execution in background using the current value of the target program counter.

The command line syntax is:

Description

If exp is specified and you are stopped at a breakpoint, then the breakpoint count is set to this value. If line is specified, a temporary breakpoint is set at that line number. Note that this temporary breakpoint will overwrite any existing breakpoint at that line.

The CB command can be used in the command lists of breakpoints to resume execution automatically.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Not available for all execution environments.

Example

To continue execution from the current target program counter, type:

To set the breakpoint's count to 4 and continue, type:

To set a temporary breakpoint at line 52 and continue, type:

g , R , C , st , wt

cd

Function

Disable, turn off, gathering of coverage data.

Select the Tools | Coverage menu item if this item was set.

The command line syntax is:

Description

If coverage is supported by your version of CrossView Pro, this command disables the coverage system. Normally, you should disable coverage if you are not interested in the coverage results, as this will often improve the performance of the execution environment.

Example

To disable coverage, type:

ce , nC , nU , pC , pU

ce

Function

Enable, turn on, gathering of coverage data.

Select the Tools | Coverage menu item if this item was not set.

The command line syntax is:

Description

If coverage is supported by your version of CrossView Pro, this command enables the coverage system. Normally, you should disable coverage if you are not interested in the coverage results, as this will often improve the performance of the execution environment.

Example

To enable coverage, type:

cd , nC , nU , pC , pU

clear

Function

Clear the Command Output Window.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Use this command if you want to clear the output window part of the Command Window.

Example

To clear the Command Output Window, type:

covinfo

Function

List coverage information.

Select the Tools | Code Coverage... menu item, make your changes and select the Update button.

The command line syntax is:

Description

If coverage is supported by your version of CrossView Pro and coverage is enabled, this command lists the coverage information. Without arguments (same as all) this command lists the coverage information of all modules and functions.

Instead of listing the results you can also save the results in a file with extension .cov.

Normally, you should disable profiling if you are not interested in the profiling results, as this will often improve the performance of the execution environment.

Example

To list the coverage information of all modules and functions to the output window, type:

To list coverage information of function main to the output window, type:

To list coverage information of all modules and functions in file hello.cov, type:

cd , ce , proinfo

cproinfo

Function

List cumulative profiling results or add or remove functions from the list of profiled functions.

Select the Tools | Cumulative Profiling Setup... menu item, make your changes and click the OK button. Select Tools | Cumulative Profiling Report... to see the cumulative profiling report.

The command line syntax is:

Description

If profiling is supported by your version of CrossView Pro and profiling is enabled, this command lists the cumulative profiling results. Without arguments (same as all) this command lists the cumulative profiling information of all functions.

Instead of listing the results you can also save the results in a file with extension .cpr.

Normally, you should disable profiling if you are not interested in the profiling results, as this will often improve the performance of the execution environment.

Example

To list the cumulative profiling results of all functions to the output window, type:

To dump cumulative profile information of all functions in file hello.cpr, type:

To add function main to the list of profiled functions, type:

To remove function main from the list of profiled functions, type:

cproinfo, pd , pe

ct

Function

Display a C-execution trace.

Select the View | Trace | Source Level menu item. The Trace Window displays the most recently executed lines of code every time program execution is stopped. CrossView Pro automatically updates the Trace Window each time execution is halted, as long as the window is open.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Display a C-execution trace in the Command window, corresponding to the last number of machine instructions executed. Since the ct command relies on the emulator's trace buffer, the ct command will not be implemented on some emulators.

For each executed line of code, the Trace Window displays:

The window shows all the code executed since the the last time the program halted.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Not available for all execution environments.

Example

To display, in the Command window, the last C statements (corresponding to the last ten machine instructions) executed, type:

ct i , ct r

ct i

Function

Display a disassembled trace.

Select the View | Trace | Instruction Level menu item. The Trace Window displays the most recently executed lines of code every time program execution is stopped. CrossView Pro automatically updates the Trace Window each time execution is halted, as long as the window is open.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Display a disassembled trace in the Command window, corresponding to the last number of machine instructions executed.

Since the ct i command relies on the emulator's trace buffer, the ct i command will not be implemented on some emulators.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Not available for all execution environments.

Example

To display in the Command window the last 20 disassembled instructions executed, type:

ct , ct r

ct r

Function

Display a raw trace.

Select the View | Trace | Raw menu item. The Trace Window displays the most recently executed lines of code every time program execution is stopped. CrossView Pro automatically updates the Trace Window each time execution is halted, as long as the window is open.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Display a raw trace in the Command window, corresponding to the last number of trace frames. This command merely shows the contents of the emulator's trace buffer.

Since the ct r command relies on the emulator's trace buffer, the ct r command will not be implemented on some emulators.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Not available for all execution environments.

Example

To display in the Command window the last 20 trace frames, type:

ct , ct i

D

Function

Delete all currently defined breakpoints.

Select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Click on the Remove All button.

The command line syntax is:

Description

D deletes all currently defined breakpoints. Dy does not ask for confirmation.

break , B , d

d

Function

Delete a specific breakpoint.

To delete a code breakpoint directly from the C source, click on the red breakpoint toggle next to the corresponding, source line in the Source Window.

Otherwise, select the Breakpoints | Breakpoints... menu item to view the Breakpoints dialog box. Select the breakpoint you want to remove and click on the Remove button.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Delete the breakpoint associated with the given number. If no number is given, delete the breakpoint at the current line. If there is no breakpoint at the current line, a B command will be executed to display all breakpoints.

Whenever a breakpoint is deleted the remaining breakpoints are renumbered starting at 0.

Example

To delete a breakpoint at the current line, type:

To delete breakpoint number 3, type:

break , b , bb , bB , bd , bD , bi , bI , bt , bti , btI , bu , bU , B , D

dcmp

Function

Compare a file with the downloaded application.

Select the File | Compare Application... menu item. Specify an application file and click on the Compare button.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Compare an application file with the memory contents and display differing memory addresses or addresses and values. If you have already loaded an application you can invoke this command without specifying a file name. You can limit the number of differences by specifying a number_of_hits. The value 0 means there is no limit on the number of differences.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To compare the currently loaded application, there is no limit on the number of differences and the contents of differing memory addresses are not displayed, type:

To compare the currently loaded application and stop when the number of differences equals 10, type:

To compare the currently loaded application there is no limit on the number of differences and display the contents of differing memory addresses, type:

To compare file test.abs, stop if the number of differences equals 5 and display the contents of differing memory addresses, type:

dn

di_state

Function

Open, save/restore, close a debug instrument state.

Select the Target | Save/Restore Target State... menu item.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Before a state can be saved, restored or closed it must be opend first. To open a state use the di_state open state_name command. When opened successfully the name is added to the available state names list.

With the di_state save command you can now save the state of the debug instrument with the specified state_name and number. With di_state restore you can restore a previously saved state of the debug instrument with the specified state_name and number.

Use di_state close to close a state. The delete flag can be 1 to delete the state or use 0 to keep the state.

This feature is only available when it is supported by the debug instrument.

Example

To open and save a state, type:

To restore a state, type:

dis

Function

Disassemble a range of memory.

Select the View | Source | Disassembly or View | Source | Source and Disassembly menu item to open the Disassembly or Source and Disassembly window respectively.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Disassemble a range of memory. The output is interleaved with source lines when i is specified. You can enter valid expressions as well for address and count.

Example

To disassemble 4 instructions starting at 3 bytes behind the start address of the function main., type:

To disassemble memory for (initval+1) instructions, starting at the address of the function main., type:

To disassemble from 0x2000 up to and including the instruction at 0x2100 and also interleave C source lines of any function resident in that memory range, type:

dump , expression

dn

Function

Download a file.

Select the File | Download Application... menu item to download the image part of the file to the execution environment.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Download the image part of the specified file to the execution environment. If no file is specified, use the file specified when CrossView Pro was invoked, and from which the symbolic information was read during startup, or the file specified in either the N command or the Load Symbolic Debug Info dialog.

Downloading a file only copies an image part into target memory. It will not cause CrossView Pro to re-read symbolic information.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To download the current file, type

To download the IEEE file demo.abs, type:

To download the hex file test.hex, type:

I , N

dnm

Function

Download a file into a specific memory space

Select the File | Download Image menu item to download the image part of the file to the execution environment. Select a memory space in the Into mem. list selection box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Download the image part of the specified file to the execution environment into the specified memory space mem_space. The file must contain data in hexadecimal format, that is, Intel Hex, Motorola S-records, Tektronix Hex and Extended Tektronix Hex formats are supported. If no file is specified, use the file specified when CrossView Pro was invoked, or the file specified in either the N command or the Load Symbolic Debug Info dialog.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To download the current file into memory space CODE, type

To download the IEEE file demo.abs into memory space CODE, type:

I , N

dump

Function

Dump a range of memory.

Select the View | Memory | New menu item to open a Memory Window.

The command line syntax is:

Description

The dump command can dump memory as hexadecimal data or as C variables. You can enter valid C expressions as well for address and count. You can also dump Motorola S records or Intel hex records. Also, you can specify a filename in which the dump is to be written or appended.

style can be one of:

Style I dumps Intel hex and style M specifies Motorola S records output. See Chapter 6, Accessing Code and Data, and section 3.5, Formatting Expressions, in Chapter 3, Command Language, for details on each of the other format styles. The R and r style are only available for targets that support the fractional type.

Mind the following:

Example

To dump the first byte of the function main., type:

To dump the first 10 bytes of the function main as Motorola S records in the file main.sre, type:

To dump the first 5 bytes of the function main. as 1 string, type:

To append the first 5 bytes of the function main. as 1 string, type:

To dump the resulting value bytes of 'the address of main binary anded with 3', type:

dis , expression

e

Function

Establish viewing position

Select the File | Open Source... menu item to view a file. In the Source Window, click on the Find Symbol button to find a function, or select the Edit | Find Symbol... menu item.

In the Stack Window click once on the function to be examined.

The command line syntax is:

Description

The e option invokes two distinct commands. The first version establishes the viewing position to be the first line of file, the first executable line of the function function or the current viewing position if no argument is given.

The second version establishes the viewing position to be the line at stack level stack in the stack trace. (See the t command.)

The stack e command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

The L command is equivalent to 0 e.

Example

To view the function main, type:

To view the test file test.c, type:

To view the call site of the current function, type:

To view the line at stack level 3, type:

? , / , ei , L , p , P , t

eC

Function

Start execution on current CPU and switch to another CPU.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Start execution on the current CPU and switch to CPU cpu_number.

This command can only be issued when the currently selected CPU is in debug mode.

Example

To start execution on the current CPU and select the CPU indicated by number 1, type:

ec

ec

Function

Select a CPU or show current CPU number.

The command line syntax is:

Description

The ec command allows you to select a CPU in your current Execution Environment if your target has multi-CPU support.

This command can only be issued when the currently selected CPU is in debug mode.

Example

To view the current CPU selection, type:

To select the CPU indicated by number 1, type:

eC

echo

Function

Display the definition of a macro name without executing the macro.

You can view the definition of a macro by selecting the Tools | Macro Definitions... menu item to view the Macro Definitions dialog box.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Perform macro expansion on text without executing. This allows you to see how a macro is expanded. It is particularly informative when macros call other macros.

Example

If you type:

CrossView Pro will display the expansion of macro(3).

set , unset , save , !

ei

Function

Establish viewing position at a specified address.

Select the Edit | Find Address... menu item.

The command line syntax is:

Description

The ei command establishes the viewing position to be at the instruction specified.

This command is useful for viewing some code in the assembly window, without changing the program counter, since the execution position is not changed.

Example

To view the current viewing position, type:

To view the instruction at address 0x100, type:

? , / , e , L , p , P , t

et

Function

Select the specified task's context.

In the Tasks Window click once on the task to be examined.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Select the specified task's context. The TaskId is the identification of the task as displayed in the Tasks Window or specified by the l k command.

The current execution position, function, line number, and source statement are displayed. All other windows, except for the Kernel Windows, are updated accordingly.

Subsequent CrossView Pro commands use the context of the selected task. For example, the t command shows a stack trace of the selected task.

Example

To select task 4, type:

l

f

Function

Set default address printing format

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set the default address printing format, using a printf format specification.

If there is no argument, the format defaults to %x, which prints an address in hexadecimal.

This command is intended to allow users to see memory addresses in decimal, octal or a format of their choosing.

Example

To display addresses in octal, type:

To display addresses in hex, type:

expression

FSS

Function

File System Simulation redirection.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Redirect a File System Simulation stream to a file or another stream. Redirection to a file can be needed when a stream is only mapped to a window and you want it to be mapped to a file also.

Example

To redirect the output of stream 2 to stream 1, type:

To retrieve input for stream 1 from stream 4, type:

To retrieve input for stream 4 from file "data.txt", type:

To redirect the output of stream 3 to file "data.txt", type:

Section 10.3 , File System Simulation in Chapter I/O Simulation.

FSS_stdio_close

Function

Close a stream previously opened by FSS_stdio_open.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Close the stream indicated by streamnumber.

Example

To close stream 1, type:

FSS_stdio_open.
Section 10.3, File System Simulation in Chapter I/O Simulation.

FSS_stdio_open

Function

Redirect the output of a stream to a file.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Redirect the stream indicated by streamnumber to the file filename. rwdirection can be an r for read-only, w for writable, or rw for read/write.

Example

To redirect stream 1 (output, so w for writable) to the file myfile.out, type:

The following command is used to close the stream.

FSS_stdio_close.
Section 10.3, File System Simulation in Chapter I/O Simulation.

g

Function

Change the program counter to a new execution position.

Click on a source line and select the Run | Jump to Cursor menu item.

The command line syntax is:

Description

This command changes the program counter so that line becomes the current execution position. Line must be a line in the current function.

This command changes only the program counter. It does not cause the target to begin execution.

Exercise caution when changing the execution position. Oftentimes, each line of C source code is compiled into several machine language instructions. Moving the program counter to a new address in the middle of a series of related assembly instructions is sometimes risky. Moreover, even though you change the program counter, registers and variables may not have the expected values if parts of the code are bypassed.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To change the program counter so that the next instruction to be executed corresponds to line 127, type:

C , gi , R

gi

Function

Change the program counter to a new execution position.

Click on a source line and select the Run | Jump to Cursor menu item.

The command line syntax is:

Description

This command changes the program counter so that address becomes the current execution position.

This command changes only the program counter. It does not cause the target to begin execution.

Exercise caution when changing the execution position. The Jump to Cursor menu item is not available in the source lines window mode to prevent problems by skipping pieces of C code which are required to be executed. Moving the program counter to a new address in the middle of a series of related assembly instructions is sometimes risky. Moreover, even though you change the program counter, registers and variables may not have the expected values if parts of the code are bypassed.

This command is not allowed when the target runs in the background.

Example

To change the program counter so that the next instruction to be executed corresponds to address 0x0800, type:

C , g , R

graph

Function

Create Data Analysis window and execute CXL script.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Create Data Analysis window window and execute CXL script script. The display list produced by the script is shown in the specified window. Arguments arg are passed as global variables to the script. Each argument is treated as an expression. Arguments starting with a "$" refer to an acquisition buffer. In all other cases arg is evaluated as an expression and will be casted to type double.

If for example register $R1 should be passed as argument to the script you must write "0+$R1" to avoid that $R1 is recognized as an acquisition buffer.

Example

To transform the contents of buffer $buffer to displayable data in window demo using CXL script x_t.cxl, type:

bufa , graphm , graphp , memget .
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

graph_add_update

Function

Add a command to the sequence of update commands.

For the supplied scripts only. Select the Settings | Data Analysis Window Setup... menu item. Enter a new window name and click New. Click Configure... to open the Data Analysis Window Setup dialog.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Set the sequence of update commands for Data Analysis window window manually. These update commands are executed when the Update button on the Data Analysis window is pressed or when the update command is issued.

Prior to adding update commands, you have to remove all update commands with the graph_clear_updates command.

Example

To retrieve data and show it in window demo, type:

graph_clear_updates, update .
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

graph_clear_updates

Function

Clear the sequence of update commands.

The command line syntax is:

Description

Clear the sequence of update commands for Data Analysis window window. This is needed prior to adding new update commands with the graph_add_update command.

Example

To retrieve data and show it in window demo, type:

graph_add_update, update .
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

graph_close

Function

Close a Data Analysis window.

The command line syntax is:

Description

With the graph_close command you can close the named window.

Example

To close window demo, type:

graph , graphm .
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

graph_debug

Function

Debug Data Analysis graph window.

The command line syntax is:

Description

If expression evaluates to a non-zero value, this value is an ORed value of two flags:

Other bits (when value & 3 equals zero, for example 4) are ignored and treated like zero. No parameters result in value 1. A value of zero turns off all debugging.

graph , graphm , graphmn.
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

graphm

Function

Set Data Analysis window display mode.

The command line syntax is:

Description

The graphm command sets the representation script for the specified window. Depending on the script, the arguments may vary.

Several scripts are supplied with the product that you can use with the graphm command. See section Supplied Data Analysis Window Scripts in Chapter Special Features for more information.

Example

To set the display mode for window demo using CXL script show_x_t.cxl and show "demo" in the title bar of the window, type:

bufa , graph , graphp , memget .
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

graphmn

Function

Set Data Analysis window display mode.

The command line syntax is:

Description

The graphmn command works similar to the graphm command, but it does not update the graph window. This can be useful where a graph and a graphm command are followed by each other, preventing the redrawing of the same graphics twice.

Example

To set the display mode for window demo using CXL script show_x_t.cxl and show "demo" in the title bar of the window, type:

bufa , graph , graphp , memget .
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

graphp

Function

Position Data Analysis window on the screen.

The command line syntax is:

Description

With the graphp command you can position the named window at the specified screen coordinates.

Example

To put window demo at position (0,0) on the screen with a size of 100x100, type:

graph , graphm .
Section 11.5, Data Analysis, in Chapter Special Features.

gus

Function

Suppress or reactivate window updating.

The command line syntax is:

Description

With gus on the GUI updating suppress feature is enabled. This means that the graphical windows are no longer updated. To reactivate the window updating use the gus off command.

Example

To suppress the updating of CrossView windows, type:




Other commands:

expression - ^
I - Z


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